Where the word comes from
The word is most often split into man ("mind, to think") and tra ("tool, instrument"), giving "an instrument of thought". Mantras are known in the Vedic tradition, in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism, each with its own forms and meanings. Some are very short, like the syllable om; others are a verse or a whole chant.
Repeating a mantra aloud, in a whisper or in the mind is called japa in the tradition, and it often goes with a string of beads. For believers a mantra is religious. In a modern studio it is more often taken as a way to focus and as part of the cultural heritage of yoga.
How to say it
The word is said MUN-truh, with the stress on the first syllable. The teacher shows and corrects the pronunciation of a particular mantra: in Sanskrit stress and vowel length matter, but nobody expects a perfect result in class.
How it comes up in class
A teacher may open a class with a short mantra, lead kirtan, which is group singing with repeated lines, or invite you to repeat a word silently during meditation. The teacher usually explains the meaning and invites you to join.
Chanting is optional. You can listen, repeat in your head or simply sit quietly. Choosing how to take part is normal.
Mantra, om and chakras
Mantras are often mentioned beside other terms. The syllable om is the best known of them. In descriptions that speak of chakras each centre is often matched with its own syllable, but that is a separate tradition and not a required part of yoga.
In class a mantra may simply be a way to occupy attention: you repeat a word until thoughts settle and it is easier to listen to the breath. For some it is a practice, for others a beautiful tradition. Both attitudes are acceptable, and the teacher will usually say what they offer and why.
Common misunderstandings
- "A mantra is a magic formula." It is a word or phrase for attention and reflection; no effect is guaranteed, and none should be promised.
- "You must sing perfectly or believe the meaning." Taking part is voluntary, and pronunciation comes with practice.
- "Every class has mantras." Many classes, especially dynamic ones, have none at all.